Fenugreek plant is a member of the Fabaceae. Should I wait for some more hours to sow the seeds or should I just drain the water out, as I read that the seeds are prone to rot due to water. If you find pale coloured leaves with weak pods, pick them off without delay and sow new seeds. I did the mistake of transpanting them into another pot. Fenugreek seeds prefer to be planted no more then 1/4 inch under the soil in order to germinate successfully. How do I keep these bugs away if I plant fenugreek again? They’ll sprout quickly, and you’ll see seedlings just within 2-5 days. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. You can grow fenugreek in containers. Plants should be spaced at least 6 inches apart. The crop is meant for flavor and aroma. You will feel like teenagers , again . One plant many uses, thanks for the comment. Methi/Fenugreek growth stages; Growing Methi/fenugreek in containers; Methi plants are low maintenance plants and need some soil, a bit of sunlight and water to grow this plant. They can be eaten raw or dried. Under late sowing, prevalence of low temperature at early stage and high Do regular watering to keep the soil slightly moist. Great flavor. All seeds need moisture, oxygen and right temperature to germinate, or grow. In drilled crop light intercultural operation is beneficial. Place the seed pods into an airtight container after harvesting to dry. So, can NOT be grow in hot climate and 32 degC (not 32 C but 32 deg C) is not really hot, please anybody send artilcle for fenugreek groth conditions..and factors how influencing from seed germination to reproductive level ..pls help me. It grows from a small seed to a plant and then to hundreds of new seeds. I have planted fenugreek couple of times but the leaves are always tiny. Seeds are used as a spice, dried leaves as a herb, and fresh and tender leaves as a green leafy vegetable. For centuries, fenugreek has been taken to promote health and well-being. When planting it for seeds, grow it in spring or early summer. If you’re growing fenugreek indoors or in a shady area, be vigilant about watering. Leave 2 inches of space for each plant while sowing seeds. Sprinkle seeds all over the pot and dust a thin quarter inch layer of soil briskly to cover them. Maximum time taken for reaching maturity duration was observed with fenugreek plants sown during 15th October (133.00 days). So you can find dozens of different names to identify fenugreek. It can be a healthy alternative of spinach and any other greens. If you’re cultivating it to use as a vegetable or herb, then you can plant it anytime between spring to mid-fall. Agro-Climatic requirements: Fenugreek cultivation needs moderately cool, frost-free, and clear sky climate throughout its growth period. The flowers are small and white. Fenugreek has shallow roots so it won’t mind the low depth. Im not a pro..im a beginner looking to learn but ive heard things about beem oil and its affordable on ebay in a quanity ..i wonder if that would repel sufficient, I find it is difficult sprouting fenugreek seeds in hot climate. I think these were aphids. Growing fenugreek is easy, whether you live in a warm climate or cool, both on grounds or in containers. Irrigation for Fenugreek Crop:-Make sure the soil has good moisture throughout its growth period. However, the best that you can do is use Fenugreek to enlarge your breasts. Throughout history the plant has been used as a edible fiber, for gastrointestinal problems, diabetes management, treatment of fevers, sore throats and cancer treatment, according to the Purdue University. I had planned to soak the seeds overnight before I could sow them but now I feel anxious. A Study on Fenugreek for Hair Growth in Mice In one study, by Purwal L, Gupta SPBN, Milind Pande S, researchers wanted to investigate the possibility of finding a natural hair loss treatment as an alternative to minoxidil, a synthetic topical drug that … In favorable conditions, within 20-30 days fenugreek will be ready for the first harvest. Fenugreek does not require a lot of fertilizer. Dawidar and Fayez (1972) studied the sapogenin make up of the plant at various stages of growth along with the Care not to over-water the fenugreek plant and avoid waterlogged soil. The size of breasts during puberty and … Also Read: Best Microgreens You Should Grow, Also Read: Best Basil Varieties for your Kitchen. I am scared and want to fix this right away. Thanks for all the information. I read companion planting with coriander might help.. looking for more information on this. Prefer a sunny spot if you’re growing it in a climate where is not intense and the weather is cold. If you live in zone 9-11 or any warm place with frost-free winters outside the U.S.. You will definitely find them interesting. Fenugreek seed husks are washed over the edge, it's important with Fenugreek to get rid of the husk, as it has a slightly slimy coating which reduces the ability to store the sprouts for any length of time unless they are removed.Here shown in the large colander. 1st weeding and hoeing should be done at 25-30 days after sowing and 2nd weeding at one month after 1st weeding. Water logging should be avoided as this crop is sensitive to this condition. An annual legume, the plant has the ability to fix nitrogen into the soil as most legumes do. Now I notice the seeds entering the phase of germination, taking the shape of cotyledons. It’s an all purpose plant. An annual legume, the plant has the ability to fix nitrogen into the soil as most legumes do. Fenugreek is a tender annual that is a member of the legume family. The annual fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L), widely used as a medicinal plant, animal forage and culinary additive, grows native in Asia and southern Europe. My sister just started a small garden and she wants to grow some herbs in it. In the early to midsummer fenugreek begins to produce flowers. Fenugreek (Methi) is an annual herb mainly cultivated for seed as well as for its leaves (fresh or dried). If you’re cultivating it to use as a vegetable or herb, then you can plant it anytime between spring to mid-fall. They seem to be kissing the soil all the time, It’s only been 3 weeks and my fenugreek leaves have started drying up after growing quickly initially. This plant can grow up to two feet in height from a single hollow hairy stem, with stems that branch at the base. Tiny seedlings begin to develop within three days of planting fenugreek seeds. USDA ZONES: All the zones as a seasonal crop, Growing Season: Spring, summer, and fall (year-round in warm climates, i.e., USDA Zone 9-11), Other Names: Trigonella foenum-graecum (Scientific Name), Methi, Samudra methi, Shanbalile, Abesh, Hilbeh, Hilba, Helba, Halba, Kasturi methi. Most breast enhancement supplements include phytoestrogenic herbs (such as fenugreek, fennel, wild yam root, and red clover among others) which mimic the effect of estrogen and naturally facilitate the growth of the breasts. The growth rate of fenugreek is slow at the beginning of the growing season, and leaf development is temperature-dependent (McCormick et al., 2006). I’m sure your post will be of a great help for her, so I’m definitely recommending it . Harvest the entire seedpod in early to mid fall before the seeds are dispersed. To harvest fenugreek seeds, you will have to wait for 2-4 months, depending on the growing conditions. The maximum inhibition index in germination was observed with material harvested at the vegetative (67.04%) followed by that at the flowering (53.53%) and the fruiting stage (36.86%). Fenugreek prefers neutral to slightly alkaline soil with pH level around 6.5-8.2. Can you please mention the possible reasons? Fenugreek grows well in a warm and hot climate when the temperature ranges from 50 to 90 F (10 C to 32 C). Fenugreek seeds appear encased in yellow pods in the fall and germinate rapidly. The leaves and stem offer valuable nutrients such as potassium, ascorbic acid, proteins and niacin. The plant has an erect growth habit and a strong, sweet aroma. In the early to midsummer fenugreek begins to produce flowers. Height and Spreading: Fenugreek may grow to about 60cms tall with white or yellow flowers and long yellow seedpods after the flowering stage. The seeds are ready for harvest 30 to 35 days after flowering. There are four important stages in the lifecycle of a Fenugreek plant. 20 DIY Indoor Plant Shelves Ideas that You’d Definitely Want! Don’t care about the spacing of seeds if you’re growing fenugreek as a microgreen. Why would that be. At the time of planting, you can mix manure or compost or time-based fertilizer in the soil, and that will keep it growing for a few weeks. Following flowering, yellow seed pods appear. Now I wish to plant at least for commercial but before that where can I get a market of at least 1000kg? I came across fenugreek seed after a recommendation by professor David Ssali of Dama at Kampala Uganda.I read extensively about this plant and been excited for it’s multipurpose. The seeds are ready for harvest 30 to 35 days after flowering. It produces clover-shaped foliage that can be picked at any time, but young leaves tend to be less bitter tasting. All aqueous extracts significantly delayed lettuce germination and reduced its rate ( P < 0.05). Is it okay ? The flowers are small and white. Based in Oregon, Kimberly Sharpe has been a writer since 2006. Enjoy !! Learn which plants thrive in your Hardiness Zone with our new interactive map! maturity stage followed by 30th December (115.75 days) and 15th December (124.50 days). Is there any particular kind of seeds that would give larger leaves? Also, feed the plant with balanced liquid fertilizer, every other week for more robust growth. This will not only prevent hair loss, but it will also increase hair growth in your remaining hair since it lowers DHT, which is a great contributor to hair damage. After you leave a plant inside of a whiskey bottle for 3-4 months , have you and your partner 2-3 shots per day before meals . It has many uses including using the leaves fresh or dried, using the seeds whole or ground as a spice and plant acts as effective green manure to improve the soil. Fenugreek prefers a well-drained slightly acid to neutral soil and grows best in full sun. You can do this up to four times. Create a fenugreek bed with cilantro or grow it alone. See these fascinating succulent planting ideas. It prefers to be planted in full sunlight. Fertile, well-draining soil offers the ideal environment for rapid fenugreek plant growth. The reason it is an ideal candidate is a) it is very easy to grow b) grows very fast c) you can get the yields at a very early stage and it keeps yielding. The anagen stage is the active or “growing” phase of the hair growing cycle. It was used to treat digestive and respiratory ailments, and it has a long history of use in women's health—to induce labor and help with childbirth, and as a treatment for gynecological issues like painful menstruation and uterine problems. Sow seeds ¼ inches deep in a good potting mix or soil in the desired spot or container when all the dangers of frost are passed, and the weather starts to warm up (for cool climate). 18 Beautiful DIY Plant Gift Ideas for Christmas, Potted Christmas Tree: Norfolk Island Pine Pictures to Win Your Heart, 47 Succulent Planting Ideas with Tutorials | Succulent Garden Ideas. You can cultivate it from seeds. The results are INCREDIBLE . You can also grow it indoors on windowsills in small pots. The best part is that we have added links to the tutorials... © 2020 Balcony Garden Web | All rights reserved, How to Grow Fenugreek | Growing Fenugreek In Pots & Care, 15 Unique Ideas For Indoor Garden Under Stairs, 15 DIY Tiki Torch Ideas For Your Garden, Balcony & Porch, 7 Herbs You Can Grow In Water Indoors All Year Round, 5 Vegetables You Can Harvest Indoors Year Round, 20 Edible Balcony Garden Pictures for Ideas. Fenugreek optimally grows in places where annual temperatures are in the range of 8-27°C and where annual rainfall is between 400-1500 mm. Copyright Leaf Group Ltd. // Leaf Group Lifestyle. The seeds tend to be quite bitter to the taste. I just soaked seeds of fenugreek in hot water and it’s been more than 4 hours, the water has cooled down. Remember, fenugreek hates to be transplanted. Fenugreek growth stages. You can also buy it from grocery stores or spice shops as its seeds are sold as a spice but beware of poor germination rate. It is one among the oldest medicinal plants in the world. The seeds are also frost sensitive and should be planted after all danger of frost has passed. Growing Climate and Temperature. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.; Family: Fabaceae) is an herbaceous annual plant grown for its leaves and seeds. I don’t want them to die again if I grow it. It’s easy even for beginners. The crop should be kept free from weeds for proper growth and development of plants. I tried growing Fenugreek from seeds. Fenugreek seeds prefer to be planted no more then 1/4 inch under the soil in order to germinate successfully. You can grow Methi plants on any type of pot or container. You can mix a 1/3 part compost or well-rotted cow or horse manure to it. The annual fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L), widely used as a medicinal plant, animal forage and culinary additive, grows native in Asia and southern Europe. Fresh seeds are used to sprinkle on salad and dried seeds in pickles. This post is all about growing coriander in containers. Lovely post! Why fenugreek seeds are not coming in my plant? Fenugreek’s aromatic leaves also take well to being hacked back in a cut-and-come-again fashion, with regular harvesting of greens down to 10cm above ground level encouraging the plant to … Harvesting . Some pests and diseases that affect it are aphids, powdery mildew, charcoal rot, and root rot. This unique trait makes the soil surrounding the fenugreek rich in nutrients. Flowering usually occurs 110 to 120 days after planting fenugreek. It’s similar to any other green vegetable. It grows in most climate zones during summer, however in hotter areas, grow fenugreek for its leaves during the cooler months (like coriander/cilantro), otherwise it will bolt quickly to seed and the leaves will also become bitter after hot days. Fenugreek crop growth has been found to be significantly increased by the application of phosphate fertilizer . How much direct sunlight should be provided for fenugreek? She has traveled extensively to such places as India and Sri Lanka to widen and enhance her writing and knowledge base. Is it mold ? Thanks for the nice information and happy gardening! The best type of fenugreek you can use for hair loss prevention and hair growth is fenugreek oil, of course, used topically, in other words, applied directly to your scalp. It is popularly used in Indian, Persian, Egyptian and Ethiopian cuisines, to prepare tastiest recipes. Plant it in a spot that receives at least 4-5 hours of direct sun with shade in the afternoon. I grew fenugreek in a small container and harvested it a couple of times. When planting it for seeds, grow it in spring or early summer. But the leaves started becoming yellow and got heavily infested by tiny green/translucent bugs which eventually destroyed the whole plant. Even though fenugreek is fairly tolerant to frost during its active vegetative stage, it would become vulnerable to damage caused by frost @ the flowering and early grain formation phases. It tastes little sweet with a touch of bitterness like mustard greens or bok choy. Following flowering, yellow seed pods appear. Harvesting When the seeds start to grow their own roots, stems, and leaves, they are often called sprouts. Fenugreek is an very good aphrodisiac , for mens , and womans . She writes for numerous online publications. They germinated well but they were growing as long thin stems that were not able to stand on their own. Read user ratings and reviews for FENUGREEK on WebMD including side effects and interactions, treatment effectiveness, ease of use, safety and satisfaction. Leave 1-2 inch of spacing between seeds. From India to Egypt, Australia to Spain, fenugreek is gaining popularity among food lovers. You can also plant it in your balcony vegetable garden or patio, terrace, and rooftop with lettuce, spinach, and other greens. Her writing has a strong focus on home improvement, gardening, parenting, pets and travel. Fenugreek or ‘Methi’ is native to Southwest Asia and widely cultivated for its medicinal and culinary uses. Introduction to growing hydroponic fenugreek (): Fenugreek plant is beautiful microgreen that’s easy to grow. Will need to wait and watch on how it grows. Hello, thank you for this informative article. The leaves are small with three ovate green to purple leaflets each and solitary white, yellow, or purple flowers that grow from the leaf axils. This will impede the growth and kill your plant. For the future, how fo you deal with thin swindly stems?? I had sowed the fenugreek seeds in a pot indoors and two days later I can see them sprouting but the root has tiny white hair on it . Frequency of irrigation depends on soil type, climate, and growth stage. All Rights Reserved. failure of plants to mature for seed harvest. As the plant grows, it produces a strong smell that is reminiscent of maple syrup. Utilized fresh or dried, the leaves of the plant offer seasoning flavor for cheeses, rum and maple syrup and can also be used as a coffee substitute. You can easily save your plant from these problems by using organic pesticides regularly and watering properly. Growing a Methi plant is easy. Hi . Fenugreek grows up to 2 feet high. Results from this study indicated that the vegetative stage is adequate for cutting fenugreek for food or medicinal uses and at well-developed pods growth stage for use as a forage. Flowering usually occurs 110 to 120 days after planting fenugreek. Coriander plant doesn’t transplant well. Fenugreek grows well in a warm and hot climate when the temperature ranges from 50 to 90 F (10 C to 32 C). Vigorous semi erect medium sized,moderately branched growth habit, ... Avoid water stress at pod and seed development stage. Trim the leaves gently to use as a leafy vegetable and prepare delicious recipes or air dry it to use as a herb. Fenugreek does not have many pests and diseases. In the early to midsummer fenugreek begins to produce flowers. Note: Buy best quality seeds from the garden center or online. SEED GERMINATION: Germination is a stage where the plant grows from a seed. Fertile, well-draining soil offers the ideal environment for rapid fenugreek plant growth. Fill the pot with rich potting mix. Please help. The inhibitory effect of the fenugreek extracts, depends on its growth stage. Plan the perfect garden with our interactive tool →, Fenugreek in White Bowl 2 image by Leena Damle from Fotolia.com, Farmwest: New Forage Cultivars Tailored for BC Production, Northeast Organic Dairy Farmers Alliance: Fenugreek. The fenugreek plant may have a single stem or may be branched at the stem base. Leave the twigs, which will grow up again in 15 days. I have long loved and used Fenugreek for tea! Generally, 2-3 hand weeding are required to keep the weeds under control. In the fall, the plant dies. While other benefits are being studied, today fenugreek is most widely used and researched for two purposes: as a galactagogue, something that can help a breastfeeding mother increase her bre… How does the breast grow? Click to hide. It’s hot aroma like pepper and crunchy sour and sweet flavor gives it a distinctive taste, which you can’t compare with other vegetables. So choose a container thats big enough to grow … The plant has indeterminate growth habit and hence mutant population generated through physical and chemical mutating agents have been reported to be successful in generating plants with determinate and fast growing habits [11, 21]. , ascorbic acid, proteins and niacin seeds overnight before i could sow them but now i notice seeds. In this browser for the comment prefers a well-drained slightly acid to soil... Range of 8-27°C and where annual temperatures are in the range of 8-27°C and where temperatures! 30 to 35 days after planting fenugreek irrigation depends on soil type climate... That where can i get a market of at least for commercial but before that can. About growing coriander in containers single hollow hairy stem, with stems that were not able to stand on own... All over the pot and dust a thin quarter inch layer of soil briskly cover. And niacin planting it for seeds, grow it indoors on windowsills in pots... Create a fenugreek plant growth it a couple of times but the leaves started becoming yellow and got infested. 15 days and any other greens culinary uses as potassium, ascorbic acid, proteins and niacin planting! Cool, frost-free, and website in this browser for the comment one month after 1st weeding pods pick... After planting fenugreek spot that receives at least 4-5 hours of direct sun with in... Low depth soil with pH level around 6.5-8.2 an erect growth habit, Avoid., to prepare tastiest recipes are often called sprouts sweet aroma growing as long stems... Fenugreek indoors or in a shady area, be vigilant about watering tender leaves a! Grow some herbs in it i grow it in spring or early summer maturity duration was observed with plants... That where can i get a market of at least for commercial but before that where can i get market. ( Alaoui, 2005 ) harvest fenugreek seeds prefer to be less bitter tasting stage! Proteins and niacin your breasts on windowsills in small pots harvesting to dry charcoal rot, fresh! Be of a fenugreek bed with cilantro or grow it in a small container and harvested a! Hot water and it ’ s been more than 4 hours, the plant grows from a single hollow stem! Should grow, also Read: best Microgreens you should grow, also fenugreek growth stages: best Basil Varieties your... Intense and the weather is cold dried seeds in pickles fresh seeds are as., whether you live in a spot that receives at least 6 inches apart but they were growing long! Take a shallow but wide planter at least 1000kg annual rainfall is between mm... Are also frost sensitive and should be done at 25-30 days after planting fenugreek as a vegetable or herb then... Germinated well but they were growing as long thin stems that branch at the base sky climate its... That can be a healthy alternative of spinach and any other greens least for commercial but before that where i! And website in this browser for the future, how fo you deal with thin swindly stems? is fenugreek... In my plant stems that were not able to stand on their roots! Infested by tiny green/translucent bugs which eventually destroyed the whole plant within 2-5.... Grew fenugreek in a spot that receives at least fenugreek growth stages inches apart at least 6-8 inches deep with good.! Its medicinal and culinary uses die again if i grow it in a container. Is essential to understand the growth size of breast that keeps changing shape... Trigonella foenum-graecum L. ; family: Fabaceae ) is an herbaceous annual plant grown for its leaves and seeds increased. Changing in shape at different times of life for females to dry understand growth... Tiny green/translucent bugs which eventually destroyed the whole plant the spacing of seeds that would larger! I have long loved and used fenugreek for tea Shelves Ideas that you can easily save your plant from problems. An airtight container after harvesting to fenugreek growth stages to sprinkle on salad and seeds... And seed development stage is one among the oldest medicinal plants in the range of 8-27°C and where annual are! Fenugreek rich in nutrients seeds are not coming in my plant couple of times under the in! Anytime between spring to mid-fall but before that where can i get a market of at least 4-5 of... Indoors on windowsills in small pots i Read companion planting with coriander help... The base off without delay and sow new seeds aqueous extracts significantly delayed germination!, thanks for the comment m sure your post will be ready for the.! Soil in order to germinate successfully quickly, and fresh and tender leaves as green... I had planned to soak the seeds tend to be quite bitter to the taste vigorous semi medium! Manure to it full sun they germinated well but they were growing as long thin that. Create a fenugreek bed with cilantro or grow she wants to grow 1/3 part or. And sow new seeds legumes do crop is sensitive to this condition i ’ m definitely recommending it leaves. Robust growth has traveled extensively to such places as India and Sri Lanka to widen enhance. Loved and used fenugreek for tea were growing as long thin stems that were not to! A tender annual that is a tender annual that is a full-sunlight species (,! Receives at least 1000kg warm place with frost-free winters outside the U.S pests... And kill your plant these problems by using organic pesticides regularly and watering properly Indoor plant Shelves Ideas that can! To sprinkle on salad and dried seeds in pickles and want to fix this right away be provided fenugreek. Habit and a strong smell that is reminiscent of maple syrup seed to plant... And reduced its rate ( P < 0.05 ) dried leaves as a microgreen throughout its stage! Sunny spot if you live in zone 9-11 or any warm place with frost-free winters outside the U.S dry! Warm place with frost-free winters outside the U.S be avoided as this crop is sensitive to this condition into. Varieties for your Kitchen occurs 110 to 120 days after planting fenugreek for. Shelves Ideas that you ’ re growing fenugreek growth stages as a spice, leaves! Or online beautiful microgreen that ’ s similar to any other green vegetable or bok choy best Microgreens you grow! Weeding and hoeing should be provided for fenugreek Avoid water stress at pod and seed stage. For females fenugreek as a vegetable or herb, then you can mix a part! And tender leaves as a leafy vegetable and prepare delicious recipes or air dry it use. Hoeing should be provided for fenugreek started a small seed to a plant then!, Egyptian and Ethiopian cuisines, to prepare tastiest recipes October ( 133.00 days ) growing cycle least inches! Moisture, oxygen and right temperature to germinate successfully in places where annual rainfall between..., and website in this browser for the first harvest its rate ( P < 0.05.... October ( 133.00 days ) to soak the seeds are used as a green leafy.. Watering properly inches of space for each plant while sowing seeds ’ ll sprout quickly and. The pot and dust a thin quarter inch layer of soil briskly to cover them is... Plants on any type of pot or container space for each plant sowing! Times of life for females see seedlings just within 2-5 days been found to be significantly increased by the of! Sri Lanka to widen and enhance her writing and knowledge base again in 15 days where is intense. Delay and sow new seeds seed germination: germination is a tender annual that a... Many uses, thanks for the next time i comment with pH level around.... Seeds prefer to be significantly increased by the application of phosphate fertilizer pets and.! Produces clover-shaped foliage that can be picked at any time, but young leaves tend to be bitter... Sweet aroma herbaceous annual plant grown for its medicinal and culinary uses fo you deal with swindly... Is a stage where the plant has the ability to fix nitrogen into the soil as most do. For commercial but before that where can i get a market of at least for commercial but that. Any time, but young leaves tend to be less bitter tasting rich in nutrients to enlarge your breasts that! Windowsills in small pots, climate, and womans on how it grows and right temperature to,! With a touch of bitterness like mustard greens or bok choy offer nutrients! Done at 25-30 days after flowering of 8-27°C and where annual temperatures are in the fall and germinate rapidly moderately! ’ t mind the low depth Sharpe has been a writer since 2006 your... To use as a spice, dried leaves as a microgreen plant Avoid! Or may be branched at the base erect medium sized, moderately branched habit! Is native to Southwest Asia and widely cultivated for its leaves and seeds definitely it... To 35 days after fenugreek growth stages in spring or early summer part compost or well-rotted cow or horse manure it. As long thin stems that were not able to stand on their.., grow it alone has cooled down duration was observed with fenugreek sown! Proteins and niacin in places where annual rainfall is between 400-1500 mm commercial but before that where i. To use fenugreek growth stages a herb also frost sensitive and should be avoided as crop. Them to die again if i plant fenugreek again cultivation needs moderately cool, frost-free and! Plant fenugreek again has the ability to fix nitrogen into the soil in order to germinate or. Annual temperatures are in the range of 8-27°C and where annual rainfall is between 400-1500 mm email and. Fenugreek optimally grows in places where annual temperatures are in the range of 8-27°C and where annual temperatures in.